Data-driven determination of Flexible Connection Agreements (FCA)

This whitepaper presents a quantitative, data-driven methodology for determining Flexible Connection Agreements (FCAs) at asset level, developed in collaboration with Bayernwerk Netz GmbH. FCAs are a key instrument to accelerate grid connections under defined curtailment conditions, addressing the fast-growing volume of connection requests and the resulting imbalance between connection demand and available grid capacity. Unlike previous approaches focused on project developer interests, this methodology prioritizes grid operator requirements for transparency and operational security.

FCA-based connections enable earlier project realization without immediate reinforcement and improve grid utilization compared to static capacity limits or conventional static control. Adjustable percentile parameters and step-function configurations allow an explicit differentiation between customer-side curtailment impacts and grid-operatorside redispatch measures, thereby balancing operational responsibility and risk allocation.